Surface Hardness Measured via ASTM Standard F1702

2005-2006 Data

Surface hardness (gmax) of infill systems determined with the Clegg Impact Tester prior to and after grooming¹.
Treatment 2005 2006
Gmax²
26 May 29 Jul 23 Aug 19 Sept 6 Oct 20 Apr 6 Jul 14 Aug 25 Aug 26 Sep³ 25 Oct³

¹ Grooming of wear and no wear plots occurred on 5 and 9 Aug 2005.
² Surface hardness was measured using a Clegg Impact Tester equipped with a 2.25 kg hammer.
³ Data collected in plot areas with extreme wear (in tractor tire tracks).
4 26 May testing performed prior to any wear in 2005. 29 Jul testing performed after wear simulating 96 games. 23 Aug testing performed after grooming. 19 Sep testing performed after wear simulating 4 games after grooming. 7 Sep testing performed after wear simulating 8 games after grooming. 13 Sep testing performed after wear simulating 12 games after grooming. 6 Oct testing performed after wear simulating 32 games after grooming. 20 April testing performed prior to any wear in 2006. 6 Jul and14 Aug testing performed after wear simulating 108 games. 25 Aug testing performed after grooming.
NR = Not Rated in 2006.
No Wear
Astroplay 40.3 39.2 41.6 40.6 42.1 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Astroturf 94.6 76.5 75.6 77.7 74.8 74.0 67.3 82.3 80.4 -- --
Experimental 47.2 46.0 48.9 54.9 53.5 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Fieldturf 60.4 56.0 56.9 59.6 63.2 60.0 57.1 62.3 55.1 -- --
Geoturf 71.4 63.9 63.0 65.2 63.8 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Nexturf 39.6 35.4 36.7 37.3 38.8 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Omnigrass 41 46.7 47.8 50.3 49.4 51.3 49.5 50.6 49.9 47.3 -- --
Omnigrass 51 34.9 37.8 38.4 38.5 40.3 40.1 42.7 40.0 36.9 -- --
Sofsport 58.8 55.0 58.8 57.3 57.8 56.5 62.5 58.5 58.3 -- --
Sprintturf 65.0 57.5 65.3 67.9 66.7 62.4 51.0 68.3 66.9 -- --
Wear4
Astroplay 48.1 46.7 50.2 49.8 49.4 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Astroturf 80.3 89.1 87.1 84.5 83.6 78.6 78.9 93.8 90.0 90.1 88.5
Experimental 51.6 52.2 53.0 60.5 57.1 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Fieldturf 68.0 60.2 63.6 67.9 63.5 65.1 66.9 70.6 65.5 81.5 76.7
Geoturf 75.2 70.3 71.2 71.1 69.7 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Nexturf 40.8 40.2 40.7 41.2 42.6 NR NR NR NR NR NR
Omnigrass 41 53.4 59.0 58.9 58.6 59.2 58.0 62.8 62.4 58.7 68.9 59.4
Omnigrass 51 40.0 44.8 45.8 47.7 47.0 49.0 53.2 52.3 45.1 57.2 48.0
Sofsport 61.1 61.8 61.7 63.0 62.9 60.8 70.2 63.5 62.8 70.8 71.3
Sprintturf 68.9 69.7 69.5 75.1 71.6 66.4 63.8 77.2 78.0 85.6 86.6
LSD (p=0.05) 7.0 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.3 3.9 2.8 8.6 3.0 9.1 10.6

2007 Data

Surface hardness (gmax)¹ of infill systems determined with the Clegg Impact Tester prior to and after grooming²
Treatment 11 Jun 2007 19 Jun 2007
Gmax SI³ HIC4 Gmax SI HIC
  • ¹ Surface hardness was measured using a Clegg Impact Tester equipped with a 2.25 kg hammer.
  • ² Grooming of wear and no wear plots occurred on 18 Jun 2007.
  • ³ SI = Severity Index
  • 4 HIC = Head Injury Criteria
  • 5 11 Jun and 19 Jun testing performed after wear simulating 108 games. 19 Jun testing performed after grooming.
No Wear
Astroturf 66.1 119.6 101.4 74.1 137.7 117.5
Fieldturf 55.7 92.6 80.7 61.3 107.1 93.2
Omnigrass 41 46.2 74.3 64.7 51.3 85.6 74.4
Omnigrass 51 36.8 51.6 45.1 41.0 61.8 53.9
Sofsport 52.7 88.7 77.1 66.3 123.6 107.2
Sprintturf 58.9 101.4 87.9 62.9 114.3 98.8
Wear5
Astroturf 96.0 194.0 163.4 87.2 167.4 142.2
Fieldturf 64.3 116.4 100.8 70.9 133.7 116.0
Omnigrass 41 61.2 115.2 98.7 62.3 116.7 100.7
Omnigrass 51 49.7 86.7 75.6 52.0 92.0 80.3
Sofsport 63.8 118.9 102.7 70.4 135.1 116.7
Sprintturf 73.8 141.7 121.6 66.9 124.6 107.6
LSD (p=0.05) 7.4 18.8 16.0 10.3 26.8 23.0

2008 Data

Surface hardness (gmax)¹ of infill systems determined with the Clegg Impact Tester prior to and after grooming²
Treatment 18 Sep 2008 22 May 2009
Gmax SI³ HIC4 Gmax SI HIC
  • ¹ Surface hardness was measured using a Clegg Impact Tester equipped with a 2.25 kg hammer.
  • ² Grooming of wear and no wear plots occurred on 21 May 2009.
  • ³ SI = Severity Index
  • 4 HIC = Head Injury Criteria
  • 5 18 Sep testing performed after wear simulating 96 games. 22 May testing performed after grooming.
No Wear
Astroturf 66.3 120.2 103.9 79.5 158.4 135.3
Fieldturf 55.5 90.1 78.9 61.5 109.9 95.7
Omnigrass 41 49.3 85.1 71.3 55.7 100.4 87.2
Omnigrass 51 38.9 55.6 48.5 44.5 71.4 62.2
Sofsport 56.8 99.9 86.9 59.2 107.8 114.1
Sprintturf 58.2 99.1 86.2 65.4 122.7 106.7
Wear5
Astroturf 88.6 176.7 151.8 81.8 160.1 137.2
Fieldturf 67.7 124.5 108.5 69.2 131.7 114.7
Omnigrass 41 60.7 112.6 96.3 64.7 126.3 109.5
Omnigrass 51 48.2 83.0 70.6 55.9 105.7 92.1
Sofsport 64.1 118.9 102.9 67.6 131.6 114.1
Sprintturf 73.9 140.9 121.3 71.8 141.6 123.0
LSD (p=0.05) 2.1 5.9 5.2 7.4 20.4 17.8

2009 Data

Surface hardness (gmax)¹ of infill systems determined with the Clegg Impact Tester prior to and after grooming².
Treatment Pregrooming Postgrooming
1 Sep³ 18 Aug4 16 Sep³ 16 Sep4
Gmax SI5 HIC6 Gmax SI HIC Gmax SI HIC Gmax SI HIC
¹ Surface hardness was measured using a Clegg Impact Tester equipped with a 2.25 kg hammer.
² Grooming of wear and no wear plots occurred on 15 September 2009.
³ 1 Sep measurements taken with a drop height of 30.5 cm
4 18 Aug measurements taken with a drop height of 44.5 cm
5 SI = Severity Index
6 HIC = Head Injury Criteria
7 FlexSand 1.25 = FlexSand installed as infill at 3.2 cm
8 FlexSand 1.50 = FlexSand installed as infill at 3.8 cm
9 FlexSand 1.75 = FlexSand installed as infill at 4.4 cm
10 1 Sep and 18 Aug testing performed after wear simulating 96 games. 16 Sep testing performed after grooming of wear and no wear plots.
No Wear
Astroturf 79.8 156.0 132.7 109.4 296.7 254.6 78.8 156.2 135.4 113.7 324.7 281.5
Fieldturf 59.2 101.2 88.6 87.3 221.0 192.8 61.2 106.9 93.4 85.2 213.1 186.2
Omnigrass 41 52.9 91.0 79.2 75.5 187.9 163.1 55.1 95.8 83.2 78.1 196.5 170.5
Omnigrass 51 40.4 60.3 52.6 58.9 129.3 160.7 41.4 61.7 53.8 60.4 132.1 114.6
Sofsport 57.6 102.5 89.0 82.5 211.6 183.6 61.6 113.1 98.2 84.1 220.8 191.5
Sprintturf 68.5 126.1 108.9 93.9 252.2 219.0 70.9 133.0 115.1 98.1 260.3 225.4
FlexSand 1.257 67.7 113.3 100.1 93.4 224.8 199.0 73.5 128.2 112.7 100.9 252.3 222.5
FlexSand 1.508 61.2 97.2 86.0 82.0 184.5 163.5 67.9 113.0 99.4 93.2 222.8 196.7
FlexSand 1.759 47.5 66.5 59.0 64.9 131.9 117.2 53.3 79.2 70.0 72.1 153.4 135.8
No Wear10
Astroturf 94.9 192.9 163.9 135.5 384.9 328.1 91.5 191.0 165.8 129.2 380.2 328.9
Fieldturf 68.8 129.3 112.7 97.2 262.4 228.4 74.1 143.0 124.6 100.6 277.7 242.4
Omnigrass 41 64.2 122.2 106.0 90.1 245.8 212.4 66.1 127.0 110.2 91.9 252.0 218.6
Omnigrass 51 49.5 84.8 74.2 72.7 184.7 160.7 51.3 89.3 78.2 71.3 179.4 156.8
Sofsport 64.7 122.8 106.1 90.7 242.4 209.1 66.4 126.1 109.1 92.8 255.2 220.7
Sprintturf 78.6 155.9 134.4 108.1 308.1 265.9 82.1 164.4 141.4 116.9 338.9 291.9
FlexSand 1.25 71.9 123.6 108.8 102.1 258.6 228.2 78.8 143.1 125.6 107.7 280.4 246.7
FlexSand 1.50 69.4 116.9 102.9 94.0 225.8 199.3 76.2 134.7 118.3 102.3 257.0 226.4
FlexSand 1.75 55.0 82.7 73.0 80.9 182.4 161.6 64.4 104.4 91.8 91.2 217.0 191.5
LSD (p=0.05) 7.4 20.5 17.7 9.9 38.7 33.8 7.4 21.1 18.4 2.5 10.7 9.1