Emmer is an ancient two rowed hulled wheat that is also known as farro in Europe. Unlike modern wheat, emmer is a tetraploid and contains 28 chromosomes instead of 42. Emmer is a high protein wheat and is used for pasta, bread, pilafs and flatbreads.
Lucille Spring Emmer
Emmer Trials
This project was designed to evaluate some potential emmer varieties in an organic system. Studies were conducted for three years at in New York and Pennsylvania and North Dakota in collaboration with colleagues from Cornell University, North Dakota State University and the Organic Research and Information Network.
These data are summarized from the original organic variety reports at Cornell University Small Grains Cultivar Testing website. This work was supported by National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA award #2011-51300-30697.
Spring emmer lines were evaluated collaboration with colleagues at both Cornell Freeville, NY, and Wilsboro, NY and three locations in North Dakota, North Dakota State University, Cathay, ND and Robinson, ND (Table 1).
Spring emmer lines were planted in early April, and topdressed with pelletized poultry manure at 70 lb N/acre. Yields averaged 46.8 bu/a across all locations and 16.0 bu/a at the Penn State location. Two of the top yielding lines across all lcoations were Lucille and ND common. These are also two popular lines in use by farmers in our region.
Yields in the PA tests were impacted some by weed issues which caused some of the reduced yields. Also, the Rock Springs location was the most southern of all the locations. At our location, the crop headed in late June and was ready for harvest in early August.
Table 1. Spring emmer performance during 2012-2015 at Freeville (FV), NY, North Dakota State University (NDSU), Cathay, ND (NDCath) and Robinson, ND (NDRob) Rock Springs, PA (PA), and Willsboro, NY (WB).
| Entry | Variety | Yield1 FV 3yr | Yield1 NDSU 4yr | Yield1 NDCath 3yr | Yield1 NDRob 3yr | Yield1 PA 3yr | Yield1 WB 3yr | Yield1 Mean | Yield1 Rank | Test2 Bu/ac | Test2 Rank | Lodging Mean | Height (in) Mean | Heading Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bowman | 36.2 | 72.3 | 44.1 | 51.1 | 12.9 | 42.5 | 43.2 | 9 | 35.0 | 10 | 3.8 | 37.4 | 26-Jun |
| 2 | Common-H | 37.4 | 71.2 | 45.5 | 54.2 | 13.3 | 45.9 | 44.6 | 7 | 35.7 | 7 | 3.9 | 37.4 | 26-Jun |
| 3 | Common-M | 41.7 | 69.3 | 44.2 | 51.6 | 13.4 | 50.5 | 45.1 | 6 | 35.7 | 8 | 3.4 | 37.8 | 26-Jun |
| 4 | Common-MC | 42.6 | 70.4 | 44.9 | 54.3 | 15.3 | 48.9 | 46.1 | 5 | 35.8 | 6 | 2.8 | 37.8 | 26-Jun |
| 5 | Common-R | 40.4 | 69.0 | 46.3 | 50.4 | 11.3 | 47.6 | 44.2 | 8 | 35.2 | 9 | 3.6 | 36.6 | 26-Jun |
| 6 | Debra | 34.7 | 47.5 | 27.2 | 43.6 | 24.3 | 61.3 | 39.7 | 11 | 52.4 | 1 | 0.8 | 26.8 | 19-Jun |
| 7 | Lucille | 51.7 | 88.8 | 48.5 | 55.1 | 17.9 | 71.7 | 55.6 | 2 | 36.0 | 5 | 3.0 | 38.2 | 26-Jun |
| 8 | ND Common | 48.6 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 59.8 | 19.9 | 66.6 | 55.7 | 1 | 36.8 | 2 | 3.7 | 38.6 | 25-Jun |
| 9 | PI254148 | 27.4 | 61.4 | 23.2 | 40.5 | 14.9 | 71.8 | 39.9 | 10 | 30.1 | 12 | 4.5 | 28.3 | 19-Jun |
| 10 | PI254162 | 26.8 | 60.7 | 40.3 | 49.3 | 9.1 | 39.7 | 37.6 | 12 | 30.9 | 11 | 5.0 | 31.1 | 21-Jun |
| 11 | Red Vernal | 46.1 | 84.0 | 51.7 | 59.7 | 18.7 | 71.5 | 55.3 | 3 | 36.4 | 4 | 3.2 | 39.8 | 25-Jun |
| 12 | Vernal | 49.1 | 80.5 | 49.0 | 58.6 | 20.5 | 68.0 | 54.3 | 4 | 36.5 | 3 | 3.1 | 38.6 | 25-Jun |
| Mean | 40.2 | 72.0 | 43.0 | 52.3 | 16.0 | 57.2 | 46.8 | 36.4 | 3.4 | 35.8 | 24-Jun | |||
1Yield = (bu/ac)
2Test = (lbs/bu)
Table 2. Spring emmer performance during 2012-2015 at Rock Springs, PA.
| Entry | Variety | Yield1 2012 | Yield1 2013 | Yield1 2014 | Yield1 Mean | Yield1 Rank | Test2 2012 | Test2 2013 | Test2 2014 | Test2 Mean | Test2 Rank | Lodging Mean | Height (in) Mean | Heading Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bowman | 14.3 | 11.5 | 24.7 | 16.8 | 9 | 31.6 | - | 37.8 | 34.7 | 6 | 3.2 | 38.6 | 27-Jun |
| 2 | Common-H | 14.2 | 12.5 | 24.0 | 16.9 | 8 | 30.6 | - | 38.0 | 34.3 | 7 | 4.3 | 38.6 | 27-Jun |
| 3 | Common-M | 17.1 | 9.7 | 24.0 | 16.9 | 7 | 32.2 | - | 38.0 | 35.1 | 5 | 2.2 | 40.6 | 27-Jun |
| 4 | Common-MC | 20.9 | 9.8 | 24.6 | 18.4 | 6 | 32.5 | - | 37.9 | 35.2 | 4 | 2.7 | 40.2 | 26-Jun |
| 5 | Common-R | 12.5 | 10.2 | 21.9 | 14.9 | 10 | 30.3 | - | 37.8 | 34.0 | 8 | 4.3 | 39.4 | 27-Jun |
| 6 | Debra | 43.2 | 5.4 | - | 24.3 | 2 | 51.5 | - | - | - | - | 3.5 | 26.0 | 17-Jun |
| 7 | Lucille | 24.2 | 11.6 | 22.9 | 19.6 | 5 | 32.0 | - | 31.2 | 31.6 | 9 | 2.5 | 39.4 | 26-Jun |
| 8 | ND Common | 24.0 | 15.7 | 33.7 | 24.5 | 1 | 33.4 | - | 39.0 | 36.2 | 1 | 3.3 | 41.3 | 26-Jun |
| 9 | PI254148 | 17.2 | 12.6 | - | 14.9 | 31.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 28.3 | 16-Jun |
| 10 | PI254162 | 13.0 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 11 | 27.0 | - | 14.8 | 21.0 | 10 | 3.7 | 31.5 | 21-Jun |
| 11 | Red Vernal | 22.3 | 15.1 | 28.3 | 21.9 | 4 | 32.9 | - | 37.6 | 35.3 | 3 | 3 | 40.9 | 25-Jun |
| 12 | Vernal | 21.6 | 19.2 | 28.1 | 23.0 | 3 | 32.9 | - | 38.1 | 35.5 | 2 | 4.2 | 41.7 | 25-Jun |
1Yield = (bu/ac)
2Test = (lbs/bu)
PDF document, 343.2 KB
This is a downloadable summary of the grain yield and quality results for spelt, emmer, and einkorn.
